目录 USART3_DR的地址 DMA的通道 DMA的中断 USART接收回调函数 头文件源码 DMA的基本配置 环形队列接收数据 函数原型 参考用例 总结 硬件:stm32f103cbt6软件:STM32F10x_StdPeriph_Lib_V3.5.0 DMA,直接内存存取,可以用它的双手释放CPU的灵魂,所以,本文通过USART3进行串口收发,接受使用DMA的方式,无需CPU进行干预,当接受完成之后,数据可以直接从内存的缓冲区读取,从而减少了CPU的压力。 具体的代码实现如下: usart_driver.h 封装了接口,数据接收回调函数类型,基本数据结构等; usart_driver.c 函数原型实现,中断服务函数实现等; 拷贝这两个文件即可,可以根据目录下的参考用例,进行初始化。 头文件usart_driver.h已经声明了外部函数可能用到的接口; USART3_DR的地址 因为USART3接收到数据会存在DR寄存器中,而DMA控制器则负责将该寄存器中的内容一一搬运到内存的缓冲区中(比如你定义的某个数组中),所以这里需要告诉DMA控制去哪里搬运,因此需要设置USART3_DR的总线地址。 USART3的基址如下图所示; USART3的基址 DR寄存器的偏移地址如下图所示; DR偏移地址 所以最终地址为:0x40004800 + 0x004#define USART_DR_Base 0x40004804 DMA的通道 因为有很多外设都可以使用DMA,比如ADC,I2C,SPI等等,所以,不同的外设就要选择属于自己的DMA通道,查找参考手册; DMA通道 因此USART3_RX在这里会使用DMA1的通道3,这都是硬件上已经预先分配好的,我们需要遵循这个规则。所以在代码中我们做出相应的定义;如下所示; #define USART_Rx_DMA_Channel DMA1_Channel3 DMA的中断 DMA支持三种中断:传输过半,传输完成,传输出错; DMA中断 因此在使用是相当安全也相当灵活,而本文只是用了传输完成中断;如下定义了,传输完成中断的标志位,DMA1_FLAG_TC3也就对应了图中的TCIF; #define USART_Rx_DMA_FLAG DMA1_FLAG_TC3 USART接收回调函数 在STM32的HAL中封装了大量外设的回调函数,使用起来十分方便,但是标准库中则没有这样的做法,但是这里我们可以自己实现,rx_cbk就是回调,即串口数据接收完成就会执行已经注册的回调函数; typedef void (*rx_cbk)(void* args); 通过使用接口usart_set_rx_cbk进行回调函数的注册,pargs为将传递的参数指针; void usart_set_rx_cbk(uart_mod_t *pmod, rx_cbk pfunc,void *pargs); 头文件源码 #ifndef USART_DRIVER_H#define USART_DRIVER_H#include #include /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/#define USE_MICROLIB_USART 1#if USE_MICROLIB_USART#ifdef __GNUC__/* With GCC/RAISONANCE, small printf (option LD Linker->Libraries->Small printf set to 'Yes') calls __io_putchar() */#define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int __io_putchar(int ch)#else#define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)//#define GETCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fgetc(FILE *f)#endif /* __GNUC__ */extern PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE;#else#endif //default 8N1#define COM_PORT USART3#define TX_PIN GPIO_Pin_10#define RX_PIN GPIO_Pin_11#define BAUDRATE 115200#define IRQ_UART_PRE 3#define IRQ_UART_SUB 3#define USART_Rx_DMA_Channel DMA1_Channel3#define USART_Rx_DMA_FLAG DMA1_FLAG_TC3#define USART_DR_Base 0x40004804#define USART_BUF_SIZE ((uint16_t)16)typedef void (*rx_cbk)(void* args);struct uart_mod { uint8_t rx_buf[USART_BUF_SIZE]; uint8_t rx_dat_len; uint8_t head; uint8_t tail; void (*init)(void); void *pargs; rx_cbk pfunc_rx_cbk;};typedef struct uart_mod uart_mod_t;extern uart_mod_t user_uart_mod;void usart_init(void);void usart_set_rx_cbk(uart_mod_t *pmod, rx_cbk pfunc,void *pargs);void usart_send_char(char ch);void usart_test_echo(void);uint8_t usart_recv_char(void);int usart_printf(const char *fmt, ...);//extern GETCHAR_PROTOTYPE;#endif DMA的基本配置 串口接收DMA的配置在函数dma_init中; static void dma_init(void) 已经定义了数据缓冲区,如下: uint8_t RxBuffer[USART_BUF_SIZE] = { 0 }; 因此需要在DMA的配置中设置USART_DR的地址,和数据缓冲区的地址,以及两者的大小;还有就是数据流向; 寄存器流向内存; 内存流向寄存器;这个需要搞清楚;相关配置如下所示; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = USART_DR_Base; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)RxBuffer; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = USART_BUF_SIZE; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC; 注意:DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC表示,外设作为源地址,数据是从外设寄存器流向内存,即DMA会把数据从地址USART_DR_Base搬运到RxBuffer去。如果这个地方搞错,会导致RxBuffer始终没有你想要的数据。 环形队列接收数据 线性缓冲区会因为缓冲器接收数据已满导致无法继续接收的问题;而环形队列进行接收的话,会自动进行覆盖,这样一来,在读取数据的时候,也要配置一个环形队列进行数据处理,下面的配置是把DMA配置为循环模式; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular; 在结构体user_uart_mod中,则用两个变量分别指向队首head和队尾tail;具体数据的读取在函数USART3_IRQHandler中,会把数据从内存的RxBuffer读取到结构体user_uart_mod的成员变量rx_buf中;最终调用回调函数。 函数原型 usart_driver.c #include #include #include "stm32f10x_usart.h"#include "usart_driver.h"uint8_t RxBuffer[USART_BUF_SIZE] = { 0 };uart_mod_t user_uart_mod = { .rx_dat_len = 0, .head = 0, .tail = 0, .pfunc_rx_cbk = NULL, .pargs = NULL};static USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;static void rcc_init(void){ RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1, ENABLE); /* Enable GPIO clock */ RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd( RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB | RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE); RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd( RCC_APB1Periph_USART3, ENABLE);}static void gpio_init(void){ GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure; /* Configure USART Tx as alternate function push-pull */ GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = TX_PIN; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); /* Configure USART Rx as input floating */ GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = RX_PIN; GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);}static void dma_init(void){ DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure; /* USARTy_Tx_DMA_Channel (triggered by USARTy Tx event) Config */ DMA_DeInit(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel); DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = USART_DR_Base; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)RxBuffer; //DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralDST; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = USART_BUF_SIZE; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_VeryHigh; DMA_InitStructure.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable; DMA_Init(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, &DMA_InitStructure);}static void irq_init(void){ NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure; /* Enable the USART3_IRQn Interrupt */ NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART3_IRQn; NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = IRQ_UART_PRE; NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = IRQ_UART_SUB; NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE; NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);}void usart_send_char(char ch){ /* Loop until the end of transmission */ //while (USART_GetFlagStatus(COM_PORT, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET){} while((COM_PORT->SR & USART_FLAG_TC) != USART_FLAG_TC){ } USART_SendData(COM_PORT, (uint8_t) ch);}uint8_t usart_recv_char(){ /* Wait the byte is entirely received by USARTy */ //while(USART_GetFlagStatus(COM_PORT, USART_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET){} while((COM_PORT->SR & USART_FLAG_RXNE) != USART_FLAG_RXNE){ } /* Store the received byte in the RxBuffer1 */ return (uint8_t)USART_ReceiveData(COM_PORT);}int usart_printf(const char *fmt, ... ){ uint8_t i = 0; uint8_t usart_tx_buf[128] = { 0 }; va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt ); vsprintf((char*)usart_tx_buf, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); while(usart_tx_buf[i] && i < 128){ usart_send_char(usart_tx_buf[i]); i++; } usart_send_char('\0'); return 0;}void usart_test_echo(){ uint8_t tmp_dat = 0xff; tmp_dat = usart_recv_char(); usart_send_char(tmp_dat);}void usart_init(void){ rcc_init (); gpio_init (); irq_init(); /* USARTx configured as follow: - BaudRate = 115200 baud - Word Length = 8 Bits - One Stop Bit - No parity - Hardware flow control disabled (RTS and CTS signals) - Receive and transmit enabled */ USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = BAUDRATE; USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b; USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1; USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No; USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None; USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx; /* USART configuration */ USART_Init(COM_PORT, &USART_InitStructure); USART_ITConfig(COM_PORT, USART_IT_IDLE, ENABLE); //USART_ITConfig(COM_PORT, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE); /* Enable USART */ USART_Cmd(COM_PORT, ENABLE); USART_DMACmd(COM_PORT,USART_DMAReq_Rx, ENABLE); dma_init(); DMA_ITConfig(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, DMA_IT_TC, ENABLE); DMA_ITConfig(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, DMA_IT_TE, ENABLE); DMA_Cmd(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, ENABLE); }void usart_set_rx_cbk(uart_mod_t *pmod, rx_cbk pfunc,void *pargs){ pmod->pargs = pargs; pmod->pfunc_rx_cbk = pfunc;}void DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler(void){ if(DMA_GetITStatus(USART_Rx_DMA_FLAG) == SET){ DMA_ClearITPendingBit(USART_Rx_DMA_FLAG); }}/** * @brief This function handles USART3 global interrupt request. * @param None * @retval None */void USART3_IRQHandler(void){ uint8_t buf[USART_BUF_SIZE]; uint16_t rect_len = 0; if(USART_GetITStatus(COM_PORT, USART_IT_IDLE) != RESET) { uint8_t i = 0; USART_ReceiveData(COM_PORT); user_uart_mod.head = USART_BUF_SIZE - DMA_GetCurrDataCounter(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel); //fifo is not full while(user_uart_mod.head%USART_BUF_SIZE != user_uart_mod.tail%USART_BUF_SIZE){ user_uart_mod.rx_buf[i++] = RxBuffer[user_uart_mod.tail++%USART_BUF_SIZE]; } user_uart_mod.rx_dat_len = i; //DMA_Cmd(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, ENABLE); if(user_uart_mod.pfunc_rx_cbk != NULL){ user_uart_mod.pfunc_rx_cbk(user_uart_mod.pargs); } } USART_ClearITPendingBit(COM_PORT, USART_IT_IDLE); //USART_ClearITPendingBit(COM_PORT, USART_IT_RXNE);}#if USE_MICROLIB_USART/** * @brief Retargets the C library printf function to the USART. * @param None * @retval None */PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE{ /* Place your implementation of fputc here */ /* e.g. write a character to the USART */ USART_SendData(COM_PORT, (uint8_t) ch); /* Loop until the end of transmission */ while (USART_GetFlagStatus(COM_PORT, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET) {} return ch;}#else#pragma import(__use_no_semihosting) struct __FILE { int handle; }; FILE __stdout; int _sys_exit(int x){ x = x; return 0;} int fputc(int ch, FILE *f){ /* Place your implementation of fputc here */ /* e.g. write a character to the USART */ USART_SendData(COM_PORT, (uint8_t) ch); /* Loop until the end of transmission */ while (USART_GetFlagStatus(COM_PORT, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET) {} return ch;}#endif 参考用例 这里需要调用usart_init,并设置回调函数,如果不设置,则不会执行回调。 void motor_get_cmd_from_uart(void *pargs){ if(pargs == NULL){ return; } uart_mod_t *p = pargs; if(p->rx_dat_len > 0 && p->rx_dat_len == PACKAGE_SIZE){ if(p->rx_buf[0] == PACKAGE_HEAD && p->rx_buf[PACKAGE_SIZE - 1] == PACKAGE_TAIL){ user_cmd_mod.head = p->rx_buf[0]; user_cmd_mod.cmd.value_n[0] = p->rx_buf[1]; user_cmd_mod.cmd.value_n[1] = p->rx_buf[2]; user_cmd_mod.option = p->rx_buf[3]; user_cmd_mod.data.value_n[0] = p->rx_buf[4]; user_cmd_mod.data.value_n[1] = p->rx_buf[5]; user_cmd_mod.data.value_n[2] = p->rx_buf[6]; user_cmd_mod.data.value_n[3] = p->rx_buf[7]; user_cmd_mod.tail = p->rx_buf[PACKAGE_SIZE - 1]; user_cmd_mod.process_flag = 1; } } p->rx_dat_len = 0; }int main(void){ usart_init(); usart_set_rx_cbk(&user_uart_mod, motor_get_cmd_from_uart,&user_uart_mod);} 总结 本文简单介绍了基于STM32基于DMA,利用串口空闲中断进行串口数据接收的具体配置和实现方法,代码基于标准库3.5版本;因为标准库ST目前已经不再更新,并且ST提供了cubemx工具可以进行基于HAL库和LL库的外设快速配置,从而简化大量工作;当然为了不掉头发感觉撸寄存器也不错,最终适合自己的才是最好的。 —— The End — — 推荐好文 点击蓝色字体即可跳转 感觉身体被掏空!只因为肝了这篇空间矢量控制算法 我打赌!你还不会UART PID微分器与滤波器的爱恨情仇 简易PID算法的快速扫盲 增量式PID到底是什么? 三面大疆惨败,因为不懂PID的积分抗饱和 免责声明:本文内容由21ic获得授权后发布,版权归原作者所有,本平台仅提供信息存储服务。文章仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本平台立场,如有问题,请联系我们,谢谢!